良好的开端是成功的一半。课堂导入作为一节课的开端,它是课堂教学的重要组成部分,起着渲染气氛、酝酿情感、凸显主题的影响。课程改革以来,小学英语课堂的导入活动发生了可喜的变化,但是由于一些教师缺乏对教育理论的认识,导入活动仍然存在许多问题,如导入形式过于复杂或方式单一。有些教师在设计导入活动时,几乎每节课都用游戏来导入,虽然游戏可以激发学生的兴趣,但千篇一律的游戏容易使学生感到厌烦,导入内容与学生原有水平不符。教师导入的内容远远超出了学生的水平,致使学生一上课就产生了恐惧感,作用了他们的学习兴趣及情绪;导入的内容忽略了新旧知识的关系,有些教师在导入活动中只注重吸引学生的注意力,而忽略了新旧知识的关系。游戏内容与所授内容无关,就无法激活学生的原有知识结构。 
    导入的主要目的是引起学生注意,激活已有知识和经验,激发学习兴趣,激发认知需求,使学生产生期待,促进学生参与。在英语课堂教学中,合理、巧妙地设计导入环节,能营造浓厚的英语学习氛围,提高学生的英语学习热情,化解新课的学习难度,实现新旧知识的自然过渡,从而提高课堂教学实效,优化学习效果。下面就让我们撷取一些精彩的导入,来启发自己的思维。 
    一、创设情境导入 
    [案例]在一节主题为“Food”的课堂教学中,教师是这样导入的: 
    用课桌、台布等准备好一个餐桌,将分别装有cake,hamburger,hot dog,chicken等食物或食物卡片的托盘放在餐桌上。教师戴上胸卡,英语论文,以餐厅侍者形象出现。(屏幕显示麦当劳餐厅的动态场景) 
    T:Hello! Everyone. Welcome to McDonald's! Here are some fast food for you. For example: cake, hamburger, hot dog, chicken, French fries and bread. 
    教师从托盘中拿起一个hamburger,并显示出非常喜欢的样子,对全班学生说:“I like hamburgers.”然后向全班学生发问:“What do you like?Cakes?Hamburgers?Hot dogs?Chicken?French fries or bread?”引导学生用“I like...”回答并请回答的学生从托盘中举起自己喜欢的食物。 
    评析:情境之于知识,犹如汤之于盐。盐需溶入汤中,才能被吸收;知识需要溶入情境之中,才能显示出活力和美感。通过创设情境,可以让学生整体感知学习内容,使整堂课都能在与学生的生活经验或社会阅历相符的情景中进行教学和操练。 
    本课中由于教师所创设的情境与教学内容密切相关,场景的布置和教师的举止都深深吸引了学生的眼球,学生很容易进入学习状态。并能形成一个完整而明确的认识,这样的导入设计既激发了学生的求知欲,吸引了学生的注意力,也使得语言学习最终归位于具体情景的实际应用。 
    二、韵句导入 
    [案例]在一堂主题为“Job”的课中,教师这样导入: 
    T: May I know your English names? What's your English name? Could you please tell me? 
    S1: My English name is Susan. 
    T: Susan, nice to meet you. 
    S1: Nice to meet you, too. 
    T: What about you? 
    S2: Anna. 
    T: Nice to meet you, Anna. 
    S3: Nice to meet you, too. 
    T: All right. I know some of your English names, do you know my English name? 
    Ss: No. 
    T: All right. It doesn't matter. I will use a rhyme to tell you my English name. Look, here is a rhyme. Listen to me carefully. 
    My name is May. 
    I'm your teacher today. 
    I like cake because it's yummy. 
    I like pigs because they're lovely. 
    I like flowers because they're pretty. 
    I like my job because it's exciting. 
    T: I think you know a lot about me to read this rhyme. Well, let me ask you some questions: What's my name? What's my favourite food? And why? Why do I like my job? 
    T: These are what I like, and can you tell me what you like by use of the sentence: I like...because... First say it with your partner. 
    评析:英语韵句节奏感强,朗朗上口,简单易记,学生在学习过程中会感觉轻松无压力。在这种状态下识记理解句子更容易熟记在心,以至熟能生巧达到应用的程度。 
    本课中教师先询问学生的姓名,通过“Do you know my English name?”这一问题设置悬念,英语论文范文,让学生带着好奇心听一首押韵诗,这首押韵诗不仅包括教师的姓名,还包括教师的喜好以及为什么等信息。在学生听完两遍意犹未尽时,教师适时提出问题:“What's my name?What's my favourite food?And why?Why do I like my job?”来激活学生的思维,随后教师让学生应用“I like...because...”来描述自己喜欢的事物,旨在让全体学生都能参与进来。在这节课的导入中,这首押韵诗有效地激发了学生主动应用英语的兴趣,使教学过程环环相扣,教师教得轻松,学生学得愉快。 
    三、对话交流导入 
    [案例]在一节主题为“Thanksgiving”的课上,授课教师是这样导入的: 
    T: Hello, children. 
    Ss: Hi, Ms. Li. 
    T: I want to know something about you. Can you tell me what do you do at school? 
    S1: I learn English. 
    T: That's great. What do you do at home? 
    S2: I play computer games. 
    T: That's nice. What do you do on Sundays? 
    S3: I go shopping. 
    S4: I ride bikes. 
    T: What do you do on Children's Day? 
    S5: I play games with my friends. 
    T: That sounds nice. So Children's Day is a festival, right? What festivals do you know? 
    S6: Spring Festival. 
    S7: Mother's Day. 
    S8: Father's Day. 
    S9: Christmas. 
    T: Is Christmas Day a Chinese Festival? 
    Ss: No. 
    T: It's a Western festival. It's also an American festival. Can you tell me more about American festivals? 
    进入新课内容的呈现。 
    评析:对话交流导入是当前小学英语课堂中常用的导入方式之一。在新材料呈现之前,师生围绕一个或多个精心设计的话题,用英语自由交谈,进而导入新课。这种对话式的交流能让学生了解话题的内容,从而逐步进入相关新课的话题,为新课的教学铺路。 
    本课教师巧妙借用自己借班上课的情形,以“What do yo  |