| 呼吸是人类具有的主要的心理性能，也是各类发音运动的基本，在停止言语运动时，韵律特点与呼吸节律产生侧重要的互相关系，所以研究汉语进修者在朗诵义务、复述义务和自述义务下习得汉语时的呼吸特点，和与韵律的关系，有助于我们更深地懂得留先生习得汉语的艰苦，有益于二语习得教授教养办法的改良。本文彩用声学试验和心理试验相联合的办法，运用呼吸带传感器和Praat、 MiniSpeech Lab等软件，丈量了试验义务中的声学和呼吸数据。测试盘算的重要心理呼吸目标包含：吸气、呼气时长(Ti、Te)，吸气、呼气幅度(Ci、Ce)，吸气、呼气斜率(Ki、Ke)等等。本文的被试为来自韩国、日本、美国、泰国的二十四名汉语进修者(十二名男性，十二名女性)，试验义务是让被试朗诵短文、复述短文和毛遂自荐，然后对他们在分歧言语义务下的呼吸和语音停止记载、丈量和剖析，以提醒汉语进修者在分歧情形下呼吸节律和言语韵律的交互关系。本文经由过程量化的手腕，剖析分歧义务下呼吸曲线的外形特点，依据呼吸参数特色，韩语论文，归结出呼吸特点，提醒呼吸单元与韵律单元之间的对应关系；剖析分歧义务下的停留景象及其呼吸表示，研讨心理呼吸对停留的作用和感化；比拟并说明分歧义务下呼吸的特点，考核声学、心理和心思在言语表达中的关系；比拟汉语进修者与汉语母语者在统一义务下言语呼吸上的差异。以下将从朗诵义务、复述义务、自述义务三个方面来概述本文的重要成果。总的来看，汉语进修者朗诵时与韵律层级的关系最慎密，被试个别间差别也较小。朗诵呼吸曲线外形比拟整洁，因为遭到韵律、语法和语义等的作用，朗诵呼吸曲线表示出分歧水平的陡升／降、缓升／降、平升／降等外形，它们承载着分歧的言语韵律信息，其呼吸参数也跟着言语表达的须要产生着变更。朗诵时的呼吸单元特点以下：呼吸群对应于韵律单元中的韵律句组层级，呼吸段对应腔调短语层级，呼吸节对应韵律短语和韵律词层级，韵律单元品级的高下和呼吸参数的年夜小是正相干的。朗诵时正常停留的情形多，但也涌现了许多非正常停留。固然朗诵呼吸的纪律性最强，但与汉语母语者比拟，表示出呼吸节数目多，呼吸曲线分歧，涌现非正常停留等特色。汉语进修者的复述呼吸也遭到韵律、语法、语义等的必定作用，同时在必定水平上也遭到人类心理和认知等的作用。复述呼吸的呼吸曲线、呼吸特点有本身的特色，总的来讲就是呼吸曲线的外形渐趋庞杂，呼吸单元与韵律单元对应的纪律性削弱，被试个别间差别增长，非正常停留增多并使得呼吸打破了原本的纪律性等等。跟汉语母语者比拟，汉语进修者的曲线更加庞杂，可猜测性年夜年夜削弱，非正常停留的数目也更多。汉语进修者自述呼吸的随便性最强，与韵律层级的关系加倍冷淡，受人类心理前提、认知加工、情感状况、小我言语输入习气和说话情况等的作用最为显著，韩语论文，呼吸曲线的样貌趋于庞杂，被试个别间差别很年夜。固然自述时的呼吸单元也能够分为呼吸群、呼吸段、呼吸节三级，但界限加倍隐约，它们与韵律单元之间的对应也加倍庞杂，纪律性削弱。别的，与汉语母语者比拟，汉语进修者的特点表示为：呼吸曲线加倍庞杂、与韵律层级对应的纪律性降低，非正常停留涌现频率高且地位灵巧多变，非正常停留对应的呼吸曲线外形也多种多样。综上所述，本文以为，在言语义务下，认知加工难度的增年夜和分歧招致了汉语进修者对自述和复述的呼吸监控度降低，异样，在组织言语上所消耗的心思资本越多，韵律对呼吸的作用感化也越小，呼吸节律与言语韵律的关系也越冷淡，呼吸的庞杂度也就越强。 Abstract: Breathing is the human has the main mental performance, is all kinds of pronunciation of basic, when stop the motor speech, prosodic features and respiratory rhythm produced important relationships with each other, so study of Chinese learners in recitation compulsory, retelling obligations and readme obligations and acquire the knowledge of Chinese language respiration, the relationship with and the rhythm, help us to a deeper to know Mr. acquisition of Chinese hard, be beneficial to the improvement of second language acquisition and teaching methods. Acoustic test and psychological test combined with the way of color, breathing with sensor and Praat, MiniSpeech Lab and other software, measure the test duties of the acoustic and respiratory data. An important psychological respiratory target test plan includes: inhale and exhale length (Ti, Te), inhale and exhale amplitude (Ci, Ce), inhale and exhale slope (Ki, Ke) and so on. The subjects were from South Korea, Japan, the United States, Thailand, 24 Chinese learners (12 males and 12 females) and test duty is subjects were asked to read the passage and retell the passage and volunteered and then to them in different language compulsory respiration and speech stop records, measurement and analysis, to remind the Chinese language learners in differences in the case of respiratory rhythm and speech prosody interaction. This paper through the process of quantification of wrist and analysis of different duty breathing and the shape of the curve characteristics, according to the characteristics of respiratory parameters, summarized the characteristics of respiratory remind the corresponding relationship between respiration and prosodic units; analysis of conflicting obligations under the residence scene and respiration said, discuss psychological breath to stay the influence and effect; compare and explain the characteristics of the conflicting obligations under respiratory, assessment of acoustics, psychological and mind relationship in language expression. Compared to learn Chinese and Chinese native speakers in the unified task speech respiration on the similarities and differences. The following important results will be summarized from three aspects in this paper recites the obligation, obligation, obligation to retell the readme. Generally speaking, Chinese language reading and the relationship between the prosodic hierarchy most closely, the individual differences between subjects is also smaller. Recite the respiration curve shape compared to neat, because by the influence of prosody, syntax and semantics, recitation respiration curves show different level of steep ascending / descending, slow rise / drop, Ping Sheng / demotion shape, they are bearing the weight of different language and prosodic information, the respiratory parameters also followed words need to produce a change. Declamation of the respiratory unit the following characteristics: respiratory group corresponding to prosody in rhyme group level and respiratory segments corresponding to the tone at the phrase level, breathing section corresponding prosodic phrases and prosodic word level, prosody grade superiority and respiratory parameters Nianye small is positive coherence. Reading the case remain normal, but also the emergence of a number of non normal residence. Although reading breathing discipline is strongest, but compared with Chinese native speakers, said respiratory number respiration curve section, differences, the emergence of non normal residence features. Repeat respiratory Chinese learners by rhythm, syntax and semantics of the certain degree, also to a certain extent was also influenced by the human mind and cognition etc.. Repeat respiratory curve breathing and respiratory characteristics have characteristics of their own, generally speaking is the breath and the shape of the curve is gradually complicated, breathing and prosodic units corresponding to the discipline of weakening, individual differences in growth, non normal residence increased and makes breathing to break the discipline of the original and so on. Compared with Chinese native speakers, Chinese learners curve more complex guessability greatly weakened, the number of non normal stay more. Learning Chinese readme breathing easily the strongest, and prosodic hierarchy relationship between double cold, most significantly affected by the impact of human mental presupposition, cognitive processing, emotional status, personal speech input habits and speak of, the appearance of the respiration curve tends to be complex, individual difference is very big. Although the readme breathing unit can be divided into respiratory group, respiratory, respiratory section level three, but the boundaries between them and the corresponding double vaguely, prosodic unit also more complex, weaken discipline. Other, compared with native Chinese speakers, the characteristics of Chinese language learners said: Discipline in the curve of respiration double complex, and prosodic hierarchy corresponding reduced, non normal stop the emergence of high frequency and position the agility and non normal stop corresponding to respiratory curve shape is also varied. To sum up, the author of this paper believes that under the obligation of speech, cognitive processing difficulty enlargement with differences resulted in Chinese language learners on self-reported and retelling of respiratory monitoring is reduced, strange, more mind capital consumed in the organization of language, rhythm of breathing impact is smaller, respiratory rhythm and rhythm of speech sounds of the relationship is more cold, respiratory complexity stronger. 目录: |
