【摘 要】在法汉习语中，都含有与“手”“掌”或“指”有关的习语。但使用的侧重点和意思会有所不同。本文从隐喻认知角度对法汉“手”的习语进行对比略论，并试图找到产生隐喻异同的原因。
【关键词】法汉 手 习语 隐喻
任何发达语言都包含着大量的习语，从而构成了某种语言中最具文化特点的一个庞大词汇系统。习语不仅是语言词汇的重要组成部分，而且是一种具有丰富历史或文化内涵和反映一个民族思维方式和思想表达习惯的语言现象。法语和汉语作为世界上发达的语言，都拥有大量的习语，且被两国的广大人民普遍使用。这些被广泛使用的习语中又有一些含有人体隐喻化的习语，所谓人体隐喻化的习语也就是说人类把对自己的身体各部位（头、眼、耳、鼻、口、肩、臂、手、腰、腿、脚等）的认知形成的概念域作为始源域，投射到不熟悉的、抽象的目标域，以此来认知世界其他事物并形成具有固定模式的习语。
当我们做事时，通常都是用手指或手掌，因此在法汉习语中，都含有与“手”“掌”或“指”有关的习语。但使用的侧重点和意思会有所不同。例如，汉语中“掌”就可以引申为“握在手中”“掌控”。很多含有“掌”的习语就蕴含了此隐喻意义。汉语中我们会说：
(1)摩拳擦掌。(rub one’s fists and wipe one’s palms；to be eager to start on a task；be itching for a fight)
(2)易如反掌。(can be done as easily as flipping over one’s palm)
(3)反掌可得。(can get as easily as turning one’s hand over)
(4)孤掌难鸣。(a single palm cannot clap；it’s hard to succeed without support)
在汉语中，当我们伸出手指时，法语毕业论文，法语论文题目，有时意味着“对别人的指责”的隐喻意。比如，我们会说：
(1)千夫所指(face a thousand accusing fingers；be universally condemned；be condemned by the public)
(2)指指戳戳(comment unfavorably；censure)
(3)指手划脚(make indiscreet remarks or criticisms；find fault with)
虽说在汉语中“指”有时会有“指责”的意思，但还有一些习语中“指”表示“时间转瞬即逝”。又如：
(1) 弹指之间 (during the snapping of the fingers；in a flash；in an instant)
(2) 弹指数载 (several years passed as rapidly as the snap of a finger；time passes swiftly as an arrow)
(3) 弹指可得 (can get it with a flick of the fingers)
但在法语中，含有“指”（finger）的习语中的“指”却是指“做事的实施者或执行者”。法语国家的人认为，当人们在做事时，他的手指必须要深进去或插进去，或者要起影响或与事情接触，因此在法语习语中便有了以下说法：
(1) get one’s fingers into something (participate in something)
(2) have a finger in something (take part in something；play a role in something)
(3) have one’s finger in the pie (concern oneself with or be connected with the matter, especially officiously)
(4) have/stick a finger in every pie (have a part in everything that is going on；concern oneself with or be connected with many matters, especially in an unwelcome way)
(5) keep fingers on something (take care of or handle something)
(6) get one’s fingers burnt (suffer after a foolish act or mistake；suffer for meddling or rashness)
(7) one’s fingers itch to do something (one is longing or anxious to do something)
(8) do something without lifting one‘s finger (do something with least effort)
(9) do something with a wet finger (do something with little effort)
(10) get/pull/take one‘s fingers out (begin work in earnest；hurry up)
(11) work one’s fingers to the bone (work very hard)
(12) one’s fingers are thumbs (one is clumsy)
(13) can be counted on the fingers (few；not many)
(14) let slip through one’s fingers (lose hold of；miss opportunity of)
(15) twist/wind somebody around one’s finger (persuade somebody without difficulty；dominate somebody completely)
(16) cross one’s fingers；keep one’s fingers crossed (wish for good luck or success) 1 |
