| 作为最主要的后古代主义作家之一，约翰·福尔斯在1969年揭橥了他的佳构法国中尉的女人。小说一经揭橥，给文学界带来了不小的震撼。福尔斯受存在主义的作用，特别是让·保罗·萨特对其的作用最甚。在这部小说里，存在主义的不雅点无处不在，它奠基了福尔斯小说创作的哲学基调。福尔斯坚信这些哲学理念，如安闲的存在，自为的存在，社会是荒谬的，人应当做出自在选择，寻觅自我等。响应地，他著作中的重要人物萨拉与查尔斯，要末在命运眼前彷徨，要末为争夺自在和自我而做出尽力。本篇论文由五部门组成：绪论部门将扼要引见作者约翰·福尔斯的生平，法国中尉的女人这部小说的年夜体内容，福尔斯哲学不雅点国际外对这部小说的文献综述和存在主义和其对福尔斯的作用。第一章，对小说人物的安闲的存在的阐述。安闲的存在是一种有意识的存在，它是静态的、非本真的、缓慢的、固态的，是自为的存在的对峙面。安闲的存在与认识有关，认识的存在不依附于其他物体而且只决议认识本身。著作中的两个重要人物欧内斯蒂娜与查尔斯，典范地代表了维多利亚时期的一种非本真的存在状况。作为维多利亚时期女人的典范缩影，欧内斯蒂娜代表了谁人时期所推重的一切，温顺、庄重、谨严、内敛。她将本身与本身异性的女人算作汉子的从属品。在一切描写女性好的品德的词语中，排在最靠前的两个是服从与性压制；查尔斯是一个庞杂的人物，虽然自称为达尔文主义者，但他的前半生一向虚度在观光与专业的迷信喜好上。他的安闲的存在在于他对女人的立场，遵守传统的义务不雅，对迷信的认知和对社会位置的成见上。第二章重要评论辩论查尔斯和萨拉思惟中的自为的存在。自为的存在指本真的存在，它寻求人道的自我，它是不固定的、自在的、以将来为导向的。在某种水平上，自为的存在是认识的一种情势。查尔斯看破了他所处的时期的婚姻的实质，因此他选择本身的婚姻基于恋爱而非社会位置和金钱，他摒弃了本身对待他人的那种形式化的思想，靠本身的断定来欣赏萨拉而不是靠谣言蜚语；萨拉的自为的存在表现在几个方面。起首，她追求自我的措施显示了她的聪明与才干，她将心坎坚持的自我一向置于最主要的地位，没有任何人可以夺走它，乃至是丈夫也不克不及。与汉子比拟，法语论文范文，她具有异样的乃至是更高的聪明。其次，在维多利亚时期她对待女人的脚色是分歧于普通人的，她寻求女人的自力与自我。第三，法语论文，她勇于打破传统，在严正的社会品德眼前勇于表达自我。第三章侧重存眷存在主义的别的的不雅点：荒谬与自在选择，在这类焦炙的情况下，重要人物的自在选择，和福尔斯的自在创作主题和他是如何付与读者以自在选择的。萨特的存在主义是对于人们在荒谬的世界里的详细的存在和他们寻求自在和自我的阅历。福尔斯在小说中评论辩论本身应当饰演甚么样的小说家，并付与他的小说人物极年夜自在，同时，他也将自在付与了他的读者。三个开放式的开头在这部小说里当属最具发明性的技能。萨拉完整生涯在一个荒谬的世界里，她的自在选择来自于她自动的尽力，将本身置身于一个充斥凌辱与羞辱的情况中；查尔斯则是主动的接收命运，终究自愿做出自在选择，找到自我。自在这一概念是懂得这部小说的症结，由于整部小说的情节都是环绕追随自在与发明人物的自我睁开的。最初是论文的结语。经由过程卖力的研究与剖析小说的分歧人物，特别是查尔斯和萨拉，得出他们在寻求自在与自我的同时被福尔斯付与了丰硕的哲学不雅念。自为的存在是福尔斯推重的哲理，同时在如许一个荒谬与虚无的世界里，人人不免会碰到焦炙与决定，自在的选择能令人们在如许一个世界里找到自我。 Abstract: As one of the ancient writers of the main, John Fowles in 1969 enunciated the his masterpiece the French Lieutenant's Woman ". The novel was published, brought no small shock to the literary world. Fowles was influenced by existentialism, in particular, to make Sutter Paul's influence on the most. In this novel, there is no room for existentialism. It has laid the foundation of Fowles's novel creation. Fowles believe these philosophy, such as comfortable existence, self existence, the society is absurd, man should make free choice, find themselves. In response, the important figure in his works, Sara and Charles, to the end of the fate of a loss, to the end of the struggle for freedom and self to make efforts. This thesis is made up of five parts: the introduction section will briefly introduce the life of author John Fowles, the content of the novel of the French Lieutenant's woman, and the literature review of the novel and the influence of existentialism and its influence on Fowles philosophy. The first chapter, the paper has the characters of the novel and comfortable. Comfortable existence is a conscious, it is static, inauthenticity, slow, solid, since for the existence of the opposite side. Comfortable existence and understanding, understanding is not dependent on other objects and only the resolution of cognition itself. Two important characters in the works, O Nesti Aa and Charles, represent a non real state of the Vitoria period. As a miniature model of the Victorian women, Ernestina represents the period of people who hold in esteem of all, docile, serious, cautious, introverted. She will be a subordinate to a man who is a woman of her own sex. In everything that was written about women's good character of words, in the front of the two is to obey and repression. Charles is a complex character, while claiming to Darwinian, but his former half a lifetime has been wasted in the superstition of tourism and professional preferences. His ease lies in his stance of woman, the obligation to abide by the traditional indecent, of superstition cognition and position of social stereotypes. The second chapter reviews the important debate on Charles and Salasi only in the existence. Since the existence of self refers to the existence of the truth, it is not fixed, it is not fixed, it is not fixed, in the future, it is not fixed. At a certain level, the existence of self is a kind of situation. Charles garments he period of marriage the essence, so he chose the marriage based on love rather than social position and money, he abandoned the thought itself towards others and that form of and by itself concluded that to appreciate Sarah rather than rely on rumors, Sarah's self to exist in several ways. Chapeau, her pursuit of self method shows her intelligent and talented, she will hearts adhere to the self is always placed in the most important position, no any man can take it away and the husband cannot. She has the same and even higher intelligence than the man. Secondly, in the period of Vitoria she treated women's role is different from ordinary people, her self and self seeking women. Third, she had the courage to break the traditional expression of self, social and moral courage in the solemn eyes. The third chapter focuses on deposit dependents existentialism of other indecent point: absurdity and freedom of choice, in the anxieties of this sort, free to choose an important person, John Fowles and free creation theme and he is how to give the reader a free choice. Sutter's existentialism is about people in the absurd world of the existence and the existence of their own and their own experience of seeking freedom and self. Falls in the novel comment debate itself should play what kind of novelist, and entrusts his characters greatly ease. At the same time, he will also free entrusted his readers. The opening of the three is the most inventive skill in the novel. Sara's full life in a ridiculous world, her freedom to choose from her own efforts, will be itself in a situation full of humiliation and shame; Charles is the initiative to accept the fate, after all, to make free choice, find themselves. The concept of freedom is the crux of the novel, since the plot of the whole novel is the self opened of the people who follow the freedom and the invention. The conclusion of the paper is the first paper. Through the process responsible for the research and analysis of the novel of different characters, especially Charles and Sarah, that they seek freedom and self is also falls into the rich philosophical concept. For existence is falls in esteem of philosophy, also in such an absurd and unreal world, everyone will inevitably encounter anxiety and decided that freedom of choice can make people find themselves in such a world. 目录: |
